the health hazards of natural gas, by agnes malouf = and david winberly

From: Subject: the health hazards of natural gas, by agnes malouf and david winberly Date: Sun, 13 Dec 2009 19:58:11 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0037_01CA7C2E.99500AE0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0037_01CA7C2E.99500AE0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.environmentalhealth.ca/summer01gas.html the health hazards of natural gas, by agnes malouf = and david winberly =20

=20

The Health = Hazards of=20 Natural Gas
by Agnes Malouf and David=20 Wimberly
UPdate Summer=20 2001

     = Thinking of=20 cooking with gas? Think again.With natural gas rolling ashore in = Nova=20 Scotia, it is tempting to believe industry and government promises = that if=20 only we could plug into this rich new local resource we could see = our fuel=20 bills drop and free up money in the budget for the nicer things in = life.
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     But = would we=20 still feel the same way if we were to learn that, in trying to = save those=20 hard-earned dollars, we were undermining our health by polluting = the air=20 we breathe in our very homes? It may be discouraging to hear, but = now is=20 the time to listen to what the experts have to say before we make = what may=20 be the wrong decision for us and for our families. =

     Living with = natural gas can=20 be a health hazard both for people who are healthy and for those = who are=20 already ill. It is especially risky for people who have weakened = immune=20 systems, including those who are asthmatic, allergic, or = chemically=20 sensitive. Gas appliances create a constant low level = exposure to=20 gas which can
cause or=20 increase illnesses. Natural gas is a sensitizer, which means = that=20 exposure can lead to intolerance and adverse reactions both=20 to
it and = other=20 substances in our environment.

     The British = medical journal,=20 The Lancet, reported in1996 that the use of domestic gas = appliances,=20 particularly gas stoves, was linked to increased asthma, = respiratory=20 illness, and impaired lung function especially in young = women. Women=20 using gas stoves had double the respiratory problems of women = cooking on=20 electric stoves. The same study showed that using extractor fans = which=20 vented the cooking fumes outside did not reduce adverse effects of = gas.
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     The = Canada=20 Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) Clean Air Guide (1993) = identified=20 gas water heaters, furnaces, unvented space heaters and cook = stoves as=20 significant contributors to chemical contamination in the home. = They=20 recommended that gas appliances be replaced with electrical ones = to reduce=20 indoor air pollution.
In a combined series of studies of = 47,000=20 patients, two doctors found that "the most important sources of = indoor=20 pollution responsible for generating (environmental) illness were = the gas=20 cook stoves, hot water heaters, and furnaces" writes Dr. Bill Rea, = of the=20 Dallas Environmental Health Centre.

     "Traditionally = natural gas=20 is a pollutant chemical that can worsen both classical allergy and = chemical sensitivity. This effect has been seen mostly in = areas=20 where natural gas is in widespread use," wrote Dr. Gerald Ross, = Past=20 President of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine=20 in1997.
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     "For = the=20 chemically susceptible individual this gas may be the worst form = of fuel,"=20 writes Dr. T. G. Randolph. But surprisingly, his studies = found that=20 when gas stoves were removed from the home of a person with = chemical=20 sensitivities, not only did their health improve, but so did the = health of=20 all family members.
Other studies have found that = children living=20 in homes with gas stoves had more than double the risk for = respiratory=20 symptoms, including asthma. Asthma patients who used a gas stove = seven or=20 more times a week were found to have doubled their risk of = emergency room=20 treatment. Infants who grow up in households with gas are almost = twice as=20 likely to develop childhood asthma as those who live with = second-hand=20 smoke. (Second hand smoke itself doubles a child's risk of = developing=20 asthma.) These studies have all been published in respected = medical=20 journals.
=20
     When = natural=20 gas is burned, as in cooking and heating, the chemicals create = nitrogen=20 dioxide, carbon monoxide, fine particulates, polycyclicaromatic=20 hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (including formaldehyde) = as well=20 as other chemicals. Just imagine what you are breathing when you = bend over=20 a gas cook stove to stir your food or when you open the oven door. = This=20 stuff sticks to your food, so you eat it as well. It sticks to = clothes in=20 gas dryers so you are covering your skin in it. It is lighter than = air so=20 it rises up into your living and sleeping areas, concentrating = higher up=20 nearer your head. This is one reason why gas is more of a health = hazard=20 than fuel oil which is heavier than air and thus sinks. =
It's been estimated = that, when a=20 typical gas oven and three burners are turned on, they release the = same=20 amount of combustion by-products as a typical gas water = heater. =20 Regulations require that all gas water heaters (and gas furnaces) = be=20 connected to a chimney or a side vented directly outdoors. Not so = for=20 stoves. Gas driers are also not vented through chimneys, but = through side=20 vents. Side vents are usually located low on buildings, and = vented=20 fumes can re-enter the living areas through windows, doors and=20 cracks.

     At a conference on = air=20 quality and children's health sponsored by the New Brunswick Lung=20 Association, much attention was given to the respiratory problems = caused=20 by moulds. Natural gas turns out to be a contributor to = mould=20 growth.
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     One = of the=20 principal products of gas combustion is water vapour. Cooking with = gas or=20 burning gas in any way without perfect venting generates = considerable=20 amounts of moisture. When this moisture remains inside a building = it is=20 enough to be a significant contributor to moulds. This excess = moisture=20 also provides better growing conditions for dust mites, viruses = and=20 bacteria.
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     = Natural gas=20 brings harmful chemicals into homes through the methane it = contains.=20 Methane (which gives the flame its blue colour as it does in = propane) is an asphyxiant. It typically contains impurities and = additives=20 including radon and other radioactive materials, BTEX (benzene, = toluene,=20 ethylbenzene and xylene), organometallic compounds such as = methylmercury,=20 organoarsenic and organolead. Mercaptan odorants are also = added to=20 natural gas so that it can be detected by scent before reaching = explosive=20 levels.
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     The = components=20 of the gas itself, as well as products of incomplete combustion = including=20 nitrogen diozide, carbon monoxide and others, have health = implications=20 individually and synergistically, as they combine with each other = and with=20 other indoor pollutants.

     "Natural gas is = dangerous=20 for several reasons," says health advocate Helen Lofgren . = "Even if=20 you don't use the gas appliance, it is always there, leaking into = the=20 environment. It is dangerous for everybody, even those who do not = notice=20 its effects. If apartment buildings converted to gas stoves and = water=20 heaters, the total effect could be quite serious," Lofgren adds.=20 "Unplanned leaks and the danger of explosion compound the risks of = gas."
Is = there a safe=20 way to use natural gas in the home? Yes and no. If you are going = to use=20 gas furnaces or water heaters, the adverse effects can be lessened = considerably by putting them in a separate building downwind of = the house=20 with underground connections. Failing this, putting a = state-of-the-art,=20 totally sealed furnace and water heater in a separate sealed room = with=20 outside air intakes ducted directly into their combustion = chambers, and=20 automatic fans forcing exhaust up a chimney that extends above the = roof=20 line, will result in a substantial lessening of harmful = effects. No=20 side venting should ever be allowed.   =

     Even taking all = these=20 precautions, when combustion gases leaving a chimney cool they = become=20 heavier than air. Depending on wind conditions, they can = reenter the=20 living space. And there is really no way at present to reduce the = risk of=20 gas appliances like stoves and clothes dryers. It is safest not to = have=20 any combustion at all inside the house.

     Natural gas = hearings in Nova=20 Scotia have looked at whether there should be a gas pipeline and = who=20 should own it. But there has been no government assessment = or public=20 hearings into the health effects of home use of natural = gas.=20
Natural gas isn't all = bad news.=20 Using gas to fire up the generators that produce electricity to = heat our=20 homes and run our appliances and in large industrial settings = makes=20 environmental and economic sense. Natural gas is a = relatively=20 clean-burning fuel and it is less polluting of our air than the = coal and=20 oil fuels we have traditionally burned.

     But let's keep it = far away=20 from the air we breathe inside our houses, apartment buildings and = schools. If we consider health care costs and the impact of = living=20 with illness, bringing natural gas into our homes is not a = sensible=20 choice.=20

For More=20 Information:
Natural=20 Gas websites: www.geocities.com/RainF= orest/6847=20 (note especially the Medical-Environmental Report) and=20 www..gascape.org/=20

The Healthy Home Handbook: All = You Need=20 to Know to Rid Your Home of Health & Safety Hazards by John = Warde,=20 Random House Inc., 1997.

Agnes Malouf is a = teacher and is=20 a member of the Board of the Nova Scotia Allergy and Environmental = Health=20 Association. =20

David = Wimberly is=20 an environmentalist who has been concerned about the health = hazards of=20 natural gas for many years. He has made presentations on behalf of = AEHA-NS=20 and other organizations at several natural gas public hearings = since1996.=20 He can be reached by email at ag487@chebucto.ns.ca for = additional=20 information.

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